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The "Underground expert" who breaks the mountain - Exploring the DTH drilling machine
2025-08-02
I. What is DTH drilling machine?
DTH drilling machine is a kind of impact rotary drilling rig, its impactor (hammer) dives into the hole to work, breaks the rock through the impact action, and discharges the rock slag with the help of compressed air to achieve drilling operation. It is mainly composed of drill pipe, impactor, drill bit, gas distribution device, rotary mechanism and other parts.
II. DTH drilling machine working principle
1. Dive Positioning: The drill pipe delivers the impactor and drill bit to the bottom of the borehole for breaking the hard rock formation.
2. Strong impact: The high-pressure air provided by the air compressor system drives the piston in the impactor, producing hundreds or even thousands of violent impacts per minute, and the force acts directly on the drill bit, instantly crushing the rock.
3. Continuous rotation: At the same time, the drilling rig provides rotational power, driving the drill bit and impactor to rotate slowly, ensuring that the drill bit evenly breaks the entire hole bottom, forming a regular round hole.
4. Efficient slag discharge: The crushed stone powder generated by impact and drilling is quickly blown out of the hole along the gap between the drill pipe and the hole wall by a steady stream of high-pressure air flow, keeping the bottom of the hole clean and allowing the drill bit to continue to work efficiently.
III. Applications of DTH drilling machine:
•Open pit mines: drilling and blasting holes is its main task, used for ore mining blasting.
•Water conservancy and hydropower engineering: dam foundation reinforcement, slope anchoring, grouting hole drilling.
•Transportation infrastructure: railway and highway slope treatment, tunnel boring assistance, and large anchor cable hole construction.
•Stone mines: used to drill separation holes when mining decorative stones such as granite and marble.
•Large foundation treatment: Large diameter deep holes required for some special foundations.
IV. Pros:
1. The impact energy loss does not increase with the lengthening of the brazing rod, and deep holes with large hole diameters can be drilled;
2. The noise of the working operation is greatly reduced;
3. The drilling speed is fast, the degree of mechanization is high, and the auxiliary operation time is less, which improves the operation efficiently of the drilling rig;
4. Mobility and flexibility;
5. High drilling quality;
6. Be able to drill rocks with medium or above medium hard (f≥8).
V. DTH drilling machine and top hammer drilling machine
The biggest difference is the impact energy how to be transferred:
• DTH drilling rig: The impactor dives into the bottom of the hole, and the energy acts directly on the rock, which is highly efficient and suitable for deep hole and large hole hard rock.
• Top hammer drill rig: The impactor is outside the hole (top of the drill rig or drill arm) and the energy is transferred to the drill bit at the bottom of the hole through a long drill pipe. It is more flexible and lightweight, suitable for small and medium apertures and medium depths, but it has a large energy loss in deep hole hard rock and is not as efficient as DTH drilling rig.
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